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I need to reply to this below classmate post. It is a discussion board post.
Put
I need to reply to this below classmate post. It is a discussion board post.
Putting the topic here for context but you need to concentrate on the classmate reply. I need 275 words/ AMA style/ No plagiarism/ no AI.
1. Topic: Describe the Major and Mild Neurocognitive Disorders. What are risk factors for developing neurocognitive disorders? What racial/ethnic groups are at higher risk for Alzheimer’s? How much is at risk? Discuss the role of lifestyle factors in prevention or reduction of neurocognitive decline.
Classmate response is below:
The DSM-5 groups, what was previously sectioned as dementia, delirium, amnestic, and other cognitive disorders in the DSM-4, as “Neurocognitive Disorders”. Mild and major neurocognitive disorders (NCD) have replaced dementia. The diagnostic criteria for mild and major NCD require evidence of cognitive decline in at least one cognitive domain independent of delirium. The difference between mild and major NCD is based on the severity of cognitive dysfunction and the level of impairment in one’s daily life. Many different specifers note the etiology of the neurocognitive impairment such as substance use, traumatic brain injury, frontotemporal lobe degeneration, Alzheimer’s, Lewy body, vascular, HIV, prion, Huntington’s, and Parkinson’s disease.1
Worldwide, there are more than 55 million people with dementia. The most common type is Alzheimer’s. Some of the factors that increase the risk of dementia are older age (greater than 65), hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking, excessive alcohol, sedentary lifestyle, social isolation, hearing loss, air pollution, brain injuries, low education, and depression.2,3
Lifestyle factors are important in decreasing the risk of NCD. As much as 40% of Alzheimer’s dementia may be attributed to modifiable risk factors.3 Therefore, adjusting these risks can prevent or reduce the incidence of the disease. Diet and exercise can directly impact one’s risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes which in turn can reduce and prevent neurocognitive decline. Smoking and alcohol consumption are also lifestyle choices that can reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors. In contrast to modifiable risk factors, the ethnic and racial disparities in NCD risk are more of a challenge to change. Black and Hispanic persons have 2 and 1.5 times the odds of developing dementia compared to White individuals. Researchers hypothesize that environmental factors, structural racism, disparities in healthcare access, and quality of care contribute to the increased risk of dementia in this population.3
1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed (DSM-5) Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.
2. Dementia. Accessed April 23, 2024. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dementia
3. National Academies of Sciences E, Education D of B and SS and, Board on Behavioral C, Dementias C on the DS of B and SSR on AD and ADR. Prevention and Protective Factors. In: Reducing the Impact of Dementia in America: A Decadal Survey of the Behavioral and Social Sciences. National Academies Press (US); 2021. Accessed April 23, 2024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK574343/
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